防冰关断活门
一、名称
ANTI-ICE ON/OFF VALVE
防冰关断活门
二、件号
327155
三、章节号
30-21-52
四、适用机型
A320
五、系统
30 ICE AND RAIN PROTECTION
防冰防雨
六、安装位置
发动机（CFM56）
七、部件原理
1.Servo-Supply Pressure-Limiting Valve
When servo pressure is applied to the servo port of the valve, it enters through the normally-open ball-poppet seat. The servo pressure acts to keep a force on the pressure reducer piston opposing the pressure limiting valve spring. Servo pressure of more than approximately 230 psig (1600 kPa) will move the piston, and the ball-poppet will follow, decreasing the inflow area. A servo pressure of 260 psig (1800 kPa) will fully close the servo-supply pressure-limiting valve. Then, servo pressure downstream of the servo-supply pressure-limiting valve will be regulated to within 230 to 260 psig (1600 to 1800 kPa), depending upon the flow rate.
伺服供应压力限制
当伺服压力施加到活门的伺服端口时，它通过常开球形提升阀座进入。伺服压力的作用是保持减压器活塞上的力与限压阀弹簧相对。超过约230 psig（1600 kPa）的伺服压力将移动活塞，球形提升阀将随之移动，从而减小流入面积。260 psig（1800 kPa）的伺服压力将完全关闭伺服供应压力限制阀。然后，伺服供应压力限制阀下游的伺服压力将根据流速调节至230至260 psig（1600至1800 kPa）以内。
2.Servo Port Not Pressurized – Solenoid Energized or Not Energized (less than 10 psig [70 kPa] servo pressure)
When the servo port is not pressurized, pneumatic pressure is not present in chamber A or in chamber B, and the actuator spring force will drive the actuator piston to the valve fully closed position, and keep the valve in the closed position.
伺服端口未加压-电磁阀通电或未通电（低于10 psig[70 kPa]伺服压力）
当伺服端口未增压时,A腔或B腔中不存在气压，作动器弹簧力将驱动作动器活塞至活门完全关闭位置，并将阀门保持在关闭位置。
3.Servo Port Pressurized – Solenoid Not Energized (more than 10 psig [70 kPa] servo pressure)
When the solenoid is not energized, the solenoid plunger is extended by the plunger spring force, and the pilot valve ball is driven against its servo pressure seat. The servo-supply pressure is then present in chamber B. The in chamber A is vented to ambient. The servo pressure in chamber B then overcomes the actuator spring force and drives the actuator piston to the valve fully open position, and keeps the valve in the open position.
伺服端口加压-电磁阀未通电（伺服压力超过10 psig[70 kPa]）
当电磁阀未通电时，电磁阀衔铁在衔铁弹簧力的作用下伸出，先导阀球顶着其伺服阀座驱动。伺服供应压力随后出现在腔室B中。腔室A中的压力被排放到环境中。然后，腔室B中的伺服压力克服作动器弹簧力，将作动器活塞驱动至活门完全打开位置，并将活门保持在打开位置。
4. Servo Port Pressurized – Solenoid Energized (more than 10 psig [70 kPa] servo pressure)
When the solenoid is energized, the solenoid plunger is retracted, and servo pressure drives the pilot valve ball against its vent seat. The servo pressure then enters chamber A and chamber B. The servo pressure acting in chamber A overcomes the servo pressure in chamber B which has a smaller effective area. This pneumatic closing force, combined with the actuator spring force, drives the actuator piston to the valve fully closed position, and keeps the valve in the closed position.
伺服口加压-电磁阀通电（伺服压力超过10 psig[70 kPa]）
当电磁阀通电时，电磁阀衔铁缩回，伺服压力驱动先导阀球顶着其放气阀座。伺服压力然后进入腔室A和腔室B。作用在腔室A中的伺服压力克服具有较小有效面积的腔室B中的伺服压力。该气动关闭力与作动器弹簧力相结合，将作动器活塞驱动至活门完全关闭位置，并将活门保持在关闭位置。
5. Closed Position Indicating Switch
When the valve position changes from open to closed, a cam on the actuator shaft actuates the closed position indicating switch between 7 to 12 degrees from the fully closed position. This completes the circuit path between electrical connector pins 3 and 4, and opens the circuit path between pins 3 and 5. When the valve position changes from closed to open, the closed position indicating switch is deactivated within 7 to 12 degrees from the fully closed position. This opens the circuit path between pins 3 and 4, and completes the circuit path between pins 3 and 5.
关闭位置指示开关
当活门位置从打开变为关闭时，作动器轴上的凸轮会在距离完全关闭位置7到12度之间作动关闭位置指示开关。这导致电插头针3和4之间的电路接通，并断开了针3和5之间的电路。当活门位置从关闭变为打开时，关闭位置指示开关在距离完全关闭位置7到12度内断开。这将断开针3和4之间的电路，并使针3和5之间的电路接通。
6. Open Position Indicating Switch
When the valve position changes from closed to open, a cam on the actuator shaft actuates the closed position indicating switch between 7 to 12 degrees from the fully open position. This completes the circuit path between electrical connector pins 6 and 7, and opens the circuit path between pins 6 and 8. When the valve position changes from open to closed, the open position indicating switch is deactivated within 7 to 12 degrees from the fully open position. This opens the circuit path between pins 6 and 7, and completes the circuit path between pins 6 and 8.
打开位置指示开关
当活门位置从关闭变为打开时，作动器轴上的凸轮会在距离完全打开位置7到12度之间作动关闭位置指示开关。这导致电插座针6和7之间的电路接通，并断开了针6和8之间的电路。当活门位置从打开变为关闭时，打开位置指示开关在距离完全打开位置7到12度内断开。这将断开针6和7之间的电路，并接通针6和8之间的电路。
CAUTION : THE VALVE MUST NOT BE OPERATED MANUALLY WHEN IT IS PRESSURIZED. DURING MANUAL OPERATION, THE INPUT TORQUE MUST NOT EXCEED 200 POUND-INCHES (23 NM) OR DAMAGE TO THE VALVE SHAFT MAY OCCUR.
注意：当活门处于加压状态时，不得手动操作活门。在手动操作过程中，输入扭矩不得超过200磅英寸（23NM），否则可能会损坏活门轴。
7. Manual Override and Locking
The valve can be manually operated and locked in either the open position or the closed position. With the servo port depressurized, the valve can be operated to the desired position with a wrench applied to the hexagonal drive/ indicator attached to the valve actuator shaft. To lock the valve in the selected position, remove the quick-release locking pin from the STOW hole and insert it in the LOCK hole (the locking pin is removed by lifting its handle through 90 degrees). This locks the actuator piston in the selected position. The locking pin is retained in the STOW hole or LOCK hole by an expansion device in the pin.
手动超控和锁定
活门可以手动操作并锁定在打开或关闭位置。在伺服口无压的情况下，可以使用扳手将活门操作到所需位置，扳手应用于连接至活门作动器轴的六角驱动/指示器上。要将活门锁定在选定位置，请从STOW孔中取出快速释放锁销，并将其插入LOCK孔中（通过将手柄提升90度来取出锁销）。这将作动器活塞锁定在选定位置。锁定销通过销中的膨胀装置保持在STOW孔或LOCK孔中。
8.其他更多
防冰活门是一个接通/断开型的蝶形关断活门。到在缺少推动压力的时候,活门弹簧力作用到关闭位置。一个电磁线圈控制活门的闭合。如果失去电信号且有足够的推动压力,则活门完全打开。
来自于第九级的引气向活门提供了推动压力。
当推动压力大于7 psig时,活门开始运动。
电磁线圈通电时,活门关闭。
电磁线圈的可动铁心收缩并引起:
– 推动压力将导向球推向导向通风座,
– 推动压力流向内腔 A。
在内腔A的压力超过在内腔B的压力,因为活塞在内腔A一侧具有上更大的作用面积。一个弹簧也能协助活塞返回到活门闭合的位置。
失电的电磁线圈将活门打开。在可动铁心弹簧的作用下,电磁线圈的可动铁心伸出。这会驱动导向球靠向导向推动压力座并让内腔A与外界相通。
内腔B中的推动压力作动活塞以:
– 克服弹簧,
– 驱动活门到全开位置。
可以将活门人工超控并锁定在打开位或者关闭位。在未运用动机压力情况下,通过在连接到蝶活门轴上的标准六角螺帽上施加一个不超过 200 lbf.in.的扭力移动活门到要求的位置是可能的。
如果将锁销穿过活门上的锁孔插入活塞内的配合中,活门就会锁定。在锁销底部的一个球形棘爪机构将锁销固定在与所要求的活门位置相对应的孔内。
一个目视位置指示器显示活门位置。
两个由一个凸轮作动的完全密封的电门发出位置指示电信号。
该凸轮的花键与作动器的传动轴相咬合。该开关是一个可以在高温环境下操作的开关。如果活门不在指令位置,电门发出一个不一致信号。
八、在飞机系统中的工作原理及互联
The ice protection system of the engine air intakes is normally selected only in icing conditions.Ice protection heats the intake cowls with air bled from the engine compressor.The function of the ice protection of the engine air intakes is to supply bleed air to heat the inlet lip during icing encounters. This maintains the inlet duct of the engine free of harmful accumulation of ice.The installation consists of ducting, coupling, seals, a shutoff valve, mechanical supports and a piccolo tube. The air bled from the seventh stage of the high compressor is the heat source. A solenoid-operated shutoff valve (which is designed to be spring-loaded in the closed position in case of failure) provides the on-off control. The piccolo tube distributes the air within the leading edge of the intake cowl.The spent air exhausts via a flush duct in the aft cavity of the intake cowl.
正常情况下,发动机进气口的防冰系统只在结冰条件下才选择使用。进气整流罩防冰加温所使用的热空气是来自发动机压缩机的引气。发动机进气口防冰的功能是在遭遇结冰条件时,向进气缘提供热的引气。这会保证发动机的管道没有有害的冰类积聚物。系统由管道,接头,密封圈,一个关断活门,机械支架和一个涡流式喷嘴所组成。引自于高压压气机的第五级上的引气为热力源。一个电磁作动关断活门(设计为万一故障时弹性加载接通位置)提供接通-断开控制。涡流式喷嘴在进口整流罩的前缘内部喷射空气。使用后的空气通过进口整流罩后腔的一个平口管排出。
