How to Use Torque Wrench (Standard Practices)

如何使用扭矩扳手（标准操作规范）

A torque wrench is a specialized tool designed to apply a specific amount of force to a fastener, such as a nut or bolt. This tool is essential in many industries, including automotive, construction, and especially aviation. The torque wrench or torque screwdriver measures the amount of turning or twisting force applied to a nut, bolt, or screw.

Aircraft are made of thousands of parts held together by numerous bolts or fasteners, each of which must be tightened with a very precise amount of torque to withstand varying degrees of altitude, speed, and temperature. Therefore, torque wrenches play a vital role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and longevity of aircraft.

扭矩扳手是一种专用工具，用于对螺母或螺栓等紧固件施加特定大小的力。该工具在汽车、建筑，尤其是航空等多个行业中至关重要。扭矩扳手或扭矩螺丝刀用于测量施加在螺母、螺栓或螺钉上的旋转力或扭转力。

飞机由成千上万个部件组成，这些部件通过大量螺栓或紧固件连接在一起。每个紧固件都必须以非常精确的扭矩进行拧紧，以承受不同高度、速度和温度下的影响。因此，扭矩扳手在确保飞机的安全性、可靠性和使用寿命方面发挥着至关重要的作用。

Importance of Torquing

As aircraft speed increases, each structural member becomes more stressed. It is therefore extremely important that each member carry neither more nor less load than it is designed for. To distribute the loads safely throughout a structure, proper torque must be applied to all nuts, bolts, studs, and screws.

Proper torque of fasteners used in aviation is critical to continued safe operation.

Using the proper torque allows the structure to develop its designed strength and greatly reduces the possibility of failure due to fatigue.

扭矩的重要性

随着飞机速度的增加，每个结构构件所承受的应力也随之增大。因此，确保每个构件所承受的载荷既不超出也不低于其设计载荷极为重要。为了安全地将载荷分布到整个结构中，必须对所有螺母、螺栓、螺柱和螺钉施加正确的扭矩。

在航空领域，对紧固件施加正确的扭矩对持续安全运行至关重要。

使用正确的扭矩可以使结构达到其设计强度，并大大降低因疲劳而导致失效的可能性。

Types of Torque Wrenches

The three most commonly used torque wrenches in aviation are the flexible beam, rigid frame, and ratchet types. When using a flexible beam or rigid frame torque wrench, the torque value is read visually on a dial or scale mounted on the handle.

扭矩扳手的类型

航空领域最常用的三种扭矩扳手是柔性梁式、刚性框架式和棘轮式扭矩扳手。使用柔性梁式或刚性框架式扭矩扳手时，扭矩值通过手柄上的表盘或刻度进行读数。

Flexible Beam Torque Wrench

A flexible beam torque wrench is easy to operate. When torque is applied to the handle, the needle moves to the right or left indicating the amount of torque applied. Once the torque pressure is removed, the needle automatically returns to zero. Its pivoted handle concentrates the applied turning force at the precise point on the lever to assure torque accuracy. This torque wrench can be used in both left and right-hand directions. Accuracy is +/- 2%

柔性梁式扭矩扳手

柔性梁式扭矩扳手易于操作。当向手柄施加扭矩时，指针会向右或向左移动，指示所施加的扭矩值。一旦撤去扭矩压力，指针会自动归零。其铰接手柄将施加的扭转力集中在杠杆上的精确点，以确保扭矩精度。此扭矩扳手可用于左旋和右旋两个方向。精度为 ±2%。

How to use a Flexible Beam torque wrench:

• • Install the proper size socket onto the drive end of the torque wrench.

• • Put the socket onto the but to be tightened. If necessary, hold the head of the bolt with the appropriate size wrench.

• • Pull the wrench with a smooth and steady motion. Keep the direction of the pull at right angles to the handle.

• • Be sure to apply the force to the center of the handle. If the handle has a pivot point, apply the force to keep the handle centered on the pivot point.

• • Tighten the nut (or bolt) until the reading on the scale matches the required torque.

Note: If the pointer does not point to zero when no torque is being applied, the torque wrench is out of calibration and must not be used.

如何使用柔性梁式扭矩扳手：

• • 将合适尺寸的套筒安装到扭矩扳手的驱动端。

• • 将套筒套在待拧紧的螺母或螺栓上。如有必要，使用合适尺寸的扳手固定螺栓头部。

• • 以平稳流畅的动作拉动扳手。确保拉力的方向与手柄成直角。

• • 务必将力施加在手柄的中心。如果手柄有支点，则施加力以保持手柄居中于支点上。

• • 拧紧螺母（或螺栓），直到刻度上的读数达到所需扭矩值。

注意：当未施加扭矩时，如果指针不指向零，则说明扭矩扳手已失准，不得使用。

Dial Type Torque Wrench

It is named for its easy-to-read torque measurement dial. It allows the operator to quickly identify the torque being applied. It measures torque by way of a needle that moves inside the dial. It can be used in both directions.

表盘式扭矩扳手

因其易于读数的扭矩测量表盘而得名。它使操作员能够快速识别所施加的扭矩。通过表盘内指针的移动来测量扭矩。可用于两个方向。

How to use a Dial Type torque wrench:

• • Install the proper size socket onto the drive end of the torque wrench.

• • Put the socket onto the but to be tightened. If necessary, hold the head of the bolt with the appropriate size wrench.

• • Pull the wrench with a smooth and steady motion. Keep the direction of the pull at right angles to the handle.

• • Torque the nut (or bolt) until the reading on the dial matches the intended torque value.

Note: If the dial does not read zero when no torque is being applied adjust the dial to read zero. If the dial is not adjustable the wrench is out of calibration and must not be used.

如何使用表盘式扭矩扳手：

• • 将合适尺寸的套筒安装到扭矩扳手的驱动端。

• • 将套筒套在待拧紧的螺母或螺栓上。如有必要，使用合适尺寸的扳手固定螺栓头部。

• • 以平稳流畅的动作拉动扳手。确保拉力的方向与手柄成直角。

• • 拧紧螺母（或螺栓），直到表盘上的读数达到所需的扭矩值。

注意：当未施加扭矩时，如果表盘读数不为零，则调整表盘使其归零。如表盘不可调，则说明扳手已失准，不得使用。

Ratchet Type Torque Wrench

With this  torque wrench, the desired torque is determined before the wrench is used by turning the micrometer-like thimble above the handle to the desired setting on the shaft of the torque  wrench. Once the set torque value is reached a click can be felt and heard. Most are designed for use in only one direction (either clockwise or counter-clockwise).

棘轮式扭矩扳手

使用这种扭矩扳手时，需在使用前通过转动手柄上方的千分尺式调节套筒，在手柄轴上设定所需的扭矩值。一旦达到设定的扭矩值，操作者可以感觉到并听到“咔哒”声。大多数此类扳手仅设计用于一个方向（顺时针或逆时针）。

How to use a Ratchet Type torque wrench:

• • Unlock the grip and adjust the handle to the desired setting on the micrometer-type scale, then relock the grip.

• • Install the required socket or adapter to the square drive of the handle.

• • Place the wrench assembly on the nut or bolt, and pull the wrench assembly on the nut or bolt in a clockwise direction with a smooth, steady motion.

• • A fast or jerky motion results in an improperly torqued unit.

• • When the applied torque reaches the torque value indicated on the handle setting, the handle automatically releases or “breaks” and moves freely for a short distance.

• • The release and free travel is easily felt, so there is no doubt about when the torqueing process is completed.

如何使用棘轮式扭矩扳手：

• • 解锁手柄，将手柄调节至千分尺式刻度上的所需设定值，然后重新锁紧手柄。

• • 将所需的套筒或接头安装到手柄的方形驱动头上。

• • 将扳手组件放在螺母或螺栓上，并以平稳流畅的动作顺时针拉动扳手组件。

• • 快速或不稳定的动作会导致扭矩施加不当。

• • 当施加的扭矩达到手柄设定值所指示的扭矩值时，手柄会自动释放或“脱扣”，并空走一小段距离。

• • 这种释放和空行程很容易感觉到，因此可以明确知道拧紧过程何时完成。

How to use a Torque Wrench

Always follow the maintenance manual’s procedures for torque wrench use. When the torque value for a particular fastener or fitting is not specified in the aircraft or engine’s maintenance manual procedures, the mechanic should use the torque values listed in the maintenance manual’s standard torque tables.

如何使用扭矩扳手

务必遵循维护手册中关于扭矩扳手使用的程序。当飞机或发动机维护手册程序未规定特定紧固件或接头的扭矩值时，机械师应使用维护手册标准扭矩表中的扭矩值。

Check Calibration

Before you use a torque wrench, make sure the calibration is correct. A calibration certificate is provided by the calibration laboratory or facility for the specific torque wrench that they have calibrated. This certificate contains important details such as the date of calibration, the values at which the calibration was performed, and the amount of error observed during the calibration process.

An uncalibrated torque wrench may not provide the correct torque, leading to over-tightening or under-tightening. Over-tightening can damage the threads of a stud or lug nut, while under-tightening can loosen a bolt, both of which can lead to accidents.

Do not use the torque wrench if the calibration sticker is missing or expired.

检查校准

在使用扭矩扳手之前，确保其校准正确。校准实验室或机构会为其校准过的每把扭矩扳手提供校准证书。该证书包含重要细节，如校准日期、执行校准的数值以及在校准过程中观察到的误差量。

未经校准的扭矩扳手可能无法提供正确的扭矩，导致拧紧过度或拧紧不足。拧紧过度可能会损坏螺柱或螺母的螺纹，而拧紧不足则可能导致螺栓松动，这两种情况都可能导致事故。

如果校准标签缺失或已过期，请勿使用该扭矩扳手。

Range to Use

Make sure the capacity of the wrench you select is rated above the torque required. Never exceed or go below the torque value range of the torque wrench.

It is recommended to use a torque wrench with a value between 30% and 80% of its range for a given torque value. For example – a torque wrench of maximum 10 m.daN:

• • Torque wrench range from 2 m.daN to 10 m.daN,

• • Recommended range 3 m.daN to 8 m.daN.

Only moderate force is required to obtain the correct torque in the recommended range. You can feel an increase in force when you apply torque.

使用范围

确保所选扳手的量程高于所需的扭矩值。切勿超过或低于扭矩扳手的扭矩值范围。

建议在给定扭矩值下，使用扭矩扳手量程的 30% 到 80% 之间的值。例如：一把最大扭矩为 10 m.daN 的扭矩扳手：

• • 扭矩扳手量程为 2 m.daN 至 10 m.daN，

• • 推荐使用范围为 3 m.daN 至 8 m.daN。

在推荐范围内获得正确扭矩只需适中的力。施加扭矩时，您可以感觉到力的增加。

How to Hold

The torque wrench axes must be perpendicular to the fastener axis. Put your hand on the handle and pull it along the axis. Apply the torque value gradually and perpendicularly to the wrench. Stop the movement when the wrench releases (or on the signal).

握持方式

扭矩扳手的轴线必须垂直于紧固件轴线。将手放在手柄上，沿着轴线方向拉动。逐渐且垂直地向扳手施加扭矩值。当扳手释放（或发出信号）时停止动作。

Use Correctly

Make sure that the torque is applied correctly. You can apply unwanted torsion or flexion to the component if the position of the wrench (or the screwdriver) is incorrect. Applying the tightening torque incorrectly can change the tightening torque and thus the preload.

Caution: Do not use the torque wrench as a breaker bar or to loosen nuts or bolts.

正确使用

确保正确施加扭矩。如果扳手（或螺丝刀）的位置不正确，可能会对部件施加不必要的扭转或弯曲力。不正确地施加拧紧扭矩会改变拧紧扭矩，从而改变预紧力。

注意： 请勿将扭矩扳手用作助力杆或用于松开螺母或螺栓。

Use of Adapter

Sometimes you may need to torque fasteners that are difficult to get to locations. When this happens,you might need to use an extension attached to the torque wrench to apply the torque.

There are two types of extensions. They are the handle extensions and drive end extensions (adapter).

Do not use a handle extension with the flexible beam-type  torque wrench as this will cause inaccurate torque readings. Handle extensions may be used on the rigid frame and snap-type torque wrenches as extensions on these types of  torque wrenches do not change the torque applied to the fastener.

Using an extension on the drive end (except when that extension (adapter) is at 90 degrees to the torque wrench frame) will change the required torque reading on the torque wrench. If the maintenance manual instructs you to use an extension, it will give you the required changes / corrections to the torque wrench readings. If the maintenance manual does not tell you to use an extension, or you decide to use an extension on your own, use the following formula to calculate the corrected torque value to be indicated on the torque wrench for the required torque needed on the fastener. Failure to make these corrections will result in the wrong torques being applied and may result in serious installation errors.

适配器的使用

有时，您可能需要对难以触及位置的紧固件施加扭矩。在这种情况下，您可能需要使用连接到扭矩扳手上的加长杆来施加扭矩。

加长杆有两种类型：手柄加长杆和驱动端加长杆（适配器）。

请勿在柔性梁式扭矩扳手上使用手柄加长杆，因为这将导致扭矩读数不准确。手柄加长杆可用于刚性框架式和棘轮式扭矩扳手，因为这些类型的扭矩扳手上的加长杆不会改变施加到紧固件上的扭矩。

使用驱动端加长杆（除非该加长杆/接头与扭矩扳手框架成 90 度角）会改变扭矩扳手上所需的扭矩读数。如果维护手册指示您使用加长杆，它将为您提供对扭矩扳手读数所需的更改/修正。如果维护手册未要求使用加长杆，或者您自行决定使用加长杆，请使用以下公式计算扭矩扳手上应指示的修正扭矩值，以实现紧固件所需的扭矩。不进行这些修正将导致施加错误的扭矩，并可能导致严重的安装错误。

When you use an adapter the value shown on the dial of the torque wrench is not the applied value. Make sure that the length of the torque wrench is more than the length of the adapter.

当使用适配器时，扭矩扳手表盘上显示的值并非实际施加的值。确保扭矩扳手的长度大于适配器的长度。

Torque-value correction is applicable when the adapter is used. To pre-calibrate the torque wrench, you can use this formula to get the torque wrench dial reading:

当使用适配器时，扭矩值修正适用。为了预校准扭矩扳手，您可以使用以下公式来获得扭矩扳手表盘读数：

R = (T x L) / (L + E)

• • T: Value that you must apply on the fastener

• • L: Length of the torque wrench

• • E: Length of the adapter

• • R: Torque-wrench dial-reading

Calibrate the torque wrench and the adapter assembly on the torque meter.

• • Adjust the R value until you get the T value on the torque meter.

• • Do the tightening operations five times, one after the other to make sure that the torque wrench and the adapter are calibrated correctly.

R = (T x L) / (L + E)

• • T：必须施加在紧固件上的值

• • L：扭矩扳手的长度

• • E：接头的长度

• • R：扭矩扳手表盘读数

在扭矩计上校准扭矩扳手和接头组件。

• • 调整 R 值，直到在扭矩计上得到 T 值。

• • 连续进行五次拧紧操作，以确保扭矩扳手和接头校准正确。

After Use

To maintain the accuracy of a mechanical click-type torque wrench, it is recommended to dial it down to its lowest value after use. This helps to relieve the tension on the spring mechanism, which triggers the click at the correct torque.

使用后

为保持机械式咔嗒型扭矩扳手的精度，建议在使用后将其刻度盘调回最低值。这有助于释放弹簧机构的张力，该机构负责在正确扭矩时触发咔哒声。

General Tips

• • To obtain values in foot-pounds, divide inch-pounds by 12.

• • Always tighten by rotating the nut first if possible. When space considerations make it necessary to tighten by rotating the bolt head, approach the high side of the indicated torque range. Do not exceed the maximum allowable torque value.

• • Maximum torque ranges should be used only when materials and surfaces being joined are of sufficient thickness, area, and strength to resist breaking, warping, or other damage.

• • When torturing a nut-bolt combination, always hold the end, opposite to the one being torqued, with a  wrench. This is done to keep the entire assembly from rotating as torque is being applied.

• • Always use a backup wrench when tightening couplings and bulkhead style fittings. Back the fitting and tighten the nut in all cases.

• • For accurate torquing, the final turn of the nut or bolt must be made with the torque wrench.

• • Re-check torque on the fastener.

通用提示

• • 要将英寸-磅转换为英尺-磅，请将英寸-磅值除以 12。

• • 如果可能，始终先拧紧螺母。当空间限制使得必须通过旋转螺栓头来拧紧时，应接近指定扭矩范围的上限。不要超过最大允许扭矩值。

• • 只有在被连接的材料的厚度、面积和强度足以抵抗断裂、翘曲或其他损坏时，才应使用最大扭矩范围。

• • 在拧紧螺母-螺栓组合件时，始终用扳手固定住与被拧紧端相对的一端。这样做是为了在施加扭矩时防止整个组件旋转。

• • 在拧紧管接头和穿板式接头时，始终使用备用扳手。在所有情况下，都应固定住接头体并拧紧螺母。

• • 为了准确施加扭矩，螺母或螺栓的最后一次转动必须使用扭矩扳手完成。

• • 重新检查紧固件上的扭矩。

Torquing Sequence

When there are several bolts to tighten on a component (especially when they are in a circular arrangement) they must be tightened in a specific sequence that is normally specified in the manual. If it is not specified, torque the bolts 180 degrees apart.

This technique reduces the strain on the fasteners and allows the parts to be seated correctly and for the loads to be equally distributed.

The torquing, installation, or tightening sequence is given in the procedure. If it is not given in the procedure, you can use the standard sequence.

For the standard torquing sequence to assemble the fasteners, see the following diagram.

拧紧顺序

当一个部件上有多个螺栓需要拧紧时（尤其是当它们呈圆形排列时），必须按照特定的顺序进行拧紧，该顺序通常会在手册中规定。如果手册未指定，则应对呈 180 度相对的螺栓进行拧紧。

该技术可减少紧固件上的应力，使部件正确就位，并实现载荷的均匀分布。

拧紧、安装或紧固顺序会在程序中给出。如果程序中未给出，您可以使用标准顺序。

有关组装紧固件的标准拧紧顺序，请参见下图。

Definition of various Torques

Here are the definitions of various torques used in aviation to tighten fasteners.

各种扭矩的定义

以下是航空领域用于拧紧紧固件的各种扭矩的定义。

Applied Torque

The applied torque is the torque which the installation tool transmits to the fasteners.

施加扭矩

施加扭矩是指安装工具传递到紧固件上的扭矩。

Tightening Torque

The assembly, installation, or tightening torque is the design torque applied at the final assembly.

This torque is a combination of these torques –

• • The torque necessary to overcome the kinetic friction between the mating surfaces of the bearing faces and threads.

• • The torque necessary to overcome the self-locking feature (if there is one).

• • The torque necessary to apply the correct axial load to a fastener assembly.

The word “MAXIMUM” or “MINIMUM” can be specified before the torque value and refers to the upper or lower tolerance of the nominal torque value. The assembly, installation, or tightening torque is measured only in the tightening direction.

拧紧扭矩

装配、安装或拧紧扭矩是指在最终装配时施加的设计扭矩。

该扭矩是以下扭矩的组合：

• • 克服配合面（轴承面和螺纹）之间动摩擦力所需的扭矩。

• • 克服自锁功能（如有）所需的扭矩。

• • 对紧固件组件施加正确轴向载荷所需的扭矩。

扭矩值前可注明“最大”或“最小”，指的是标称扭矩值的上公差或下公差。装配、安装或拧紧扭矩仅在拧紧方向测量。

Breakaway Torque

The breakaway torque applies only to fasteners that have self-locking mechanisms. The breakaway torque is the torque necessary to start the relative movement between male and female threads, when:

• • The self-locking mechanism is fully engaged.

• • There is no contact between the bearing surface of the fastener and the material attached by this fastener.

The word “MAXIMUM” or “MINIMUM” can be specified before the torque value and refers to the upper or lower tolerance of the nominal torque value. The breakaway torque is measured only in the loosening direction.

松脱扭矩

松脱扭矩仅适用于具有自锁机构的紧固件。松脱扭矩是指在以下情况下开始使内外螺纹产生相对运动所需的扭矩：

• • 自锁机构完全啮合。

• • 紧固件的轴承面与该紧固件所连接的材料之间没有接触。

扭矩值前可注明“最大”或“最小”，指的是标称扭矩值的上公差或下公差。松脱扭矩仅在拧松方向测量。

Double Torque

The double torque or re-torque is the torque necessary to fully seat the materials that are attached when there are moderate interferences, sheet gaps or form-in-place gaskets.

For a double torque or re-torque, it is necessary to obey this sequence:

• • Apply the installation torque.

• • Loosen the fasteners.

• • Apply the installation torque again to make sure that the fasteners are attached correctly.

双重扭矩

双重扭矩或重新拧紧扭矩是指在存在中等干涉、板间隙或现场成型垫片时，使被连接材料完全就位所需的扭矩。

对于双重扭矩或重新拧紧，必须遵循以下顺序：

• • 施加安装扭矩。

• • 松开紧固件。

• • 再次施加安装扭矩，以确保紧固件正确连接。

Free Running Torque

The free running torque is the torque necessary to overcome the kinetic friction between the mating threads. This torque is measured in the loosening or tightening direction.

This type of torque does not overcome:

• • Self-locking mechanisms.

• • Axial loads in fastener assemblies.

This type of torque is not applicable for fasteners that have self-locking mechanisms.

自由运转扭矩

自由运转扭矩是克服配合螺纹之间动摩擦力所需的扭矩。此扭矩在拧松或拧紧方向测量。

此类扭矩不克服：

• • 自锁机构。

• • 紧固件组件中的轴向载荷。

此类扭矩不适用于具有自锁机构的紧固件。

Multiple Torque

The multiple torque is the torque necessary to seat the parts to be assembled where there is a heavy interference in the assembly. Multiple torquing is the application of the installation torque again and again until the fastener does not turn during two installation-torque applications, one after the other.

多重扭矩

多重扭矩是指在装配中存在严重干涉时，使待装配部件就位所需的扭矩。多重扭矩是指反复施加安装扭矩，直到紧固件在连续两次施加安装扭矩的过程中不再转动为止。

Net Torque

The net torque or preload torque is the component of the installation torque used for the axial loading of a fastener assembly after you overcome all the frictional and mechanical forces (but not the axial tension).

Net torque = Installation torque – Torque necessary to overcome the frictional torque (prevailing torque) and mechanical torque.

净扭矩

净扭矩或预紧扭矩是安装扭矩的一个组成部分，用于在克服所有摩擦力和机械力（但不包括轴向张力）之后，对紧固件组件施加轴向载荷。

净扭矩 = 安装扭矩 – 克服摩擦力扭矩（运行扭矩）和机械扭矩所需的扭矩。

Over Torque

The over-torque or over-tightening torque is the torque necessary to move a torqued fastener from the installed condition. This torque is always measured in the tightening direction and is usually more than the maximum limit of the installation torque.

It is usually used to:

• • Overcome or loosen the heat seizure effects before corrosion occurs when the fastener assembly is disassembled.

• • Deform the captive internal-thread elements in blind fasteners with threaded cores.

过度扭矩

过度扭矩或过度拧紧扭矩是指使已拧紧的紧固件从安装状态发生移动所需的扭矩。此扭矩始终在拧紧方向测量，通常大于安装扭矩的最大限值。

它通常用于：

• • 在腐蚀发生前，克服或松开因热效应导致的咬合，以便拆卸紧固件组件。

• • 使带螺纹芯棒的盲紧固件中的内螺纹嵌件变形。

Prevailing Torque

The prevailing, run down or self-locking torque is the torque necessary, when a fastener is not seated correctly, to overcome:

• • The kinetic friction of the mating threads, and

• • The locking feature when the locking feature is fully engaged.

The prevailing torque does not include axial-load torque effects. The prevailing torque is measured in the loosening or tightening direction while the fastener is in movement.

运行扭矩

运行扭矩、下旋扭矩或自锁扭矩是指在紧固件未正确就位时，克服以下因素所需的扭矩：

• • 配合螺纹的动摩擦力，以及

• • 当锁定功能完全啮合时的锁定特性。

运行扭矩不包括轴向载荷的扭矩效应。运行扭矩在紧固件运动时于拧松或拧紧方向测量。

Seating Torque

The seating torque is the torque necessary to put the bearing faces in the seated position. The seating torque is measured only in the tightening direction.

就位扭矩

就位扭矩是指使轴承面达到就位位置所需的扭矩。就位扭矩仅在拧紧方向测量。

Single Torque

The single torque is the installation torque applied one time to each assembly, usually to the freely fitting parts, where there are no interference fits to prevent the seating of the mating parts.

单次扭矩

单次扭矩是指对每个组件施加一次的安装扭矩，通常用于自由配合的部件，即不存在阻碍配合部件就位的干涉配合。

Torque Tension

This term torque tension refers to the residual axial stress in a fastener caused by the applied net torque. It is also used to give the relationship between the net torque and preload in the threaded fasteners.

扭矩张力

术语“扭矩张力”指的是由施加的净扭矩引起的紧固件中的残余轴向应力。它也用于表示净扭矩与螺纹紧固件中预紧力之间的关系。