低氢脆性触针镀镉LOW HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT STYLUS CADMIUM PLATING
1. INTRODUCTION 介绍
A. The data in this subject comes from Boeing process specification BAC5854 for low hydrogen embrittlement stylus cadmium plating.
本主题中的数据来自波音 BAC5854 低氢脆触针电镀镉工艺规范。
B. The data is general. It is not about all situations or specific installations. Use this data as a guide to help you write minimum standards. Equivalent procedures can be used.
数据具有通用性。并非适用于所有情况或特定安装。请将此数据作为编写最低标准的指南。可使用等效程序。
C. Do not apply this plating on CRES parts. Use brush cadmium plating (BAC5849) on CRES parts.
请勿在 CRES 零件上使用此电镀。在 CRES 零件上使用电刷镀镉 (BAC5849)。
D. Refer to SOPM 20-00-00 for a list of all the vendor names and addresses.
请参阅 SOPM 20-00-00，了解所有供应商的名称和地址。
2. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT 材料与设备
A. Materials
材料
NOTE: Equivalent substitutes can be used.
注： 可使用同等替代品。
(1) Cadmium Stylus Plating Solution
镉触针电镀溶液
(a) Selectron LHE (SPS-5070), V13929 or V1B534
(b) Dalic Cadmium Code 2023, V11924
(c) LDC-4803, V56878
(2) Gauze tubing (Cotton, Dacron or cotton/Dacron surgical tubing) — Johnson and Johnson Surgitube, V99742
纱布管（棉、达克龙或棉/达克龙手术管）–Johnson and Johnson Surgitube，V99742
(3) Cotton batting — long fiber, lint-free, USP surgical grade
棉棒 — 长纤维、无绒、USP 手术级
(4) Masking material, acid and alkaline resistant, electroplaters — Scotch 470, V76381
遮蔽材料，耐酸碱，电镀 — Scotch 470，V76381
(5) Pressure sensitive tape, 60 ounce/inch tack or greater (such as Scotch 250, V76381); not more than 6 months from date made unless tested per ASTM D3330 Method A (BAC5854 PSD 6-11) (such as Scotch 250, V76381)
压敏胶带，粘性为 60 盎司/英寸或更大（如思高 250，V76381）；自制成之日起不超过 6 个月，除非按照 ASTM D3330 方法 A（BAC5854 PSD 6-11）进行测试（如思高 250，V76381）。
(6) Chromate conversion coating, manually applied
铬酸盐转化涂层，手动涂抹
(a) Iridite 8, V0PX54 (new supply not available)
Iridite 8，V0PX54（无新货源）
(b) Ultrachromate 300, V64709
超铬酸盐 300，V64709
(c) Any other manually applied chromate coating
任何其他人工涂抹的铬酸盐涂层
(7) Filter paper — Whatman No. 4, V58485
滤纸 – Whatman No. 4, V58485
B. Equipment
设备
NOTE: Equivalent substitutes can be used.
注： 可使用同等替代品。
(1) Power Supply — adjustable 30 volts dc, 25 amperes output, circuit breaker protected, with ampere-hour meter readable to 0.01 ampere-hours, voltmeter, ammeter. Accuracy of each meter must be +/-5%. (Selectron type 2530 or 6035, V13929)
电源–可调式 30 伏直流电，25 安培输出，断路器保护，配有可读至 0.01 安培小时的安培小时表、电压表、电流表。每个表的精度必须为 +/-5%。(2530 或 6035 型，V13929）。
(2) Styli with aluminum cores cut for cooling, with plastic handle cover, and that can hold different sizes and shapes of anodes. (Selectron types MS, LR, SF, LF, HR, LA, PT, V11924 or V13929)
带冷却切割铝芯的触针，带塑料手柄盖，可容纳不同尺寸和形状的阳极。(Selectron MS、LR、SF、LF、HR、LA、PT、V11924 或 V13929 型）。
(3) Rotary Anode Tool — Variable speed, 0-900 rpm, to turn anodes in forward or reverse, with stepless speed control (Selectron Rotostylus, V11924, V13929, or V1B534)
旋转阳极工具 — 变速，0-900 转/分，可正向或反向旋转阳极，无级调速（Selectron Rotostylus、V11924、V13929 或 V1B534 型）
(4) Anodes — With flat, convex, or concave shapes for the surface to be plated. Materials:
阳极 — 具有适合电镀表面的平面、凸面或凹面形状。材料：
(a) High purity, high density graphite
高纯度、高密度石墨
(b) Plating, clad plating, or plating alloys
电镀、包镀或电镀合金
1) Platinum
铂
2) Platinum-Indium
铂铟
3) Platinized Niobium
镀铂铌
4) Platinized Titanium
镀铂钛
(5) Industrial Abrasive Unit — Single nozzle unit to supply an abrasive stream with adjustable flow rate and pattern area. (S.S. White Industrial Airbrasive Unit Model F, V79555 or V97945)
工业磨料装置 — 单喷嘴装置，提供可调节流速和图案面积的磨料流。(S.S.White工业用空气研磨装置型号 F、V79555 或 V97945）
3. GENERAL 通用
A. Stylus plate only in areas with protection or away from corrosive atmospheres and operations that make dusts or fumes, such as grinding, polishing, buffing, abrasive cleaning, tank plating, and area maintenance cleaning.
触针电镀只能在有保护措施的地方进行，或远离腐蚀性气体环境和会产生粉尘或烟雾的作业，如打磨、抛光、磨光、磨料清洗、槽电镀和区域维护清洗。
B. The part must be at ambient temperature, above 32°F (so plating solutions and rinse water do not freeze), but sufficiently cool so the surface does not dry during the plating procedure.
零件必须处于 32°F 以上的环境温度（以便电镀溶液和冲洗水不会结冰），但要足够凉爽，以便在电镀程序中表面不会干燥。
C. Complete all machining, forming, welding or brazing before plating. Unless specified by the overhaul instructions, plate only areas that are smooth, and have no more than a few blemishes, pits, tool marks, weld flash, slag or other defects. The evenly textured surface made during abrasive cleaning is acceptable.
电镀前完成所有机加工、成型、焊接或钎焊。除非大修说明有规定，否则只对光滑的区域进行电镀，且不得有少量瑕疵、凹坑、工具痕、焊瘤、焊渣或其他缺陷。可接受在研磨清洗过程中形成的均匀纹理表面。
D. Preplate stress relief is not necessary for this stylus plating.
这种触针电镀不需要进行镀前应力消除。
E. Parts must not be stylus plated while under load; that is, the part must not be in an assembled or installed condition where external forces could push or pull on it.
零件不得在负载状态下进行电镀；也就是说，零件不得处于外力可能对其产生推力或拉力的装配或安装状态。
F. Apply the plating to the thickness specified by the overhaul instructions. If the overhaul instructions do not give a thickness, apply a minimum of 0.0005-inch of plating. This minimum thickness is not necessary on holes of less than 0.75-inch diameter or internal curved surfaces of less than 0.375-inch radius, but these surfaces must be plated for the ampere hours calculated to give 0.0005-inch plating thickness.
按照大修说明规定的厚度进行电镀。如果大修说明没有给出厚度，则电镀厚度至少为 0.0005 英寸。直径小于 0.75 英寸的孔或半径小于 0.375 英寸的内弯曲表面不需要此最小厚度，但这些表面必须按 0.0005 英寸电镀厚度计算的安培小时数进行电镀。
G. To calculate the number of ampere-hours necessary to stylus plate a specified thickness, multiply the number of ten-thousandths of an inch by 0.006 for Selectron LHE (SPS-5070) or 0.007 for Dalic 2023 or LDC-4803 and then by the number of square inches to be plated. For example, to stylus plate 0.0005 inch of cadmium on 4 square inches of surface with the Dalic or LDC solution will use 5 x 0.007 x 4, or 0.140 ampere-hours.
要计算触针电镀规定厚度所需的安培小时数，Selectron LHE (SPS-5070) 的万分之一英寸数乘以 0.006，Dalic 2023 或 LDC-4803 的万分之一英寸数乘以 0.007，再乘以要电镀的平方英寸数。例如，用 Dalic 或 LDC 溶液在 4 平方英寸的表面上触针电镀 0.0005 英寸的镉，需要 5 x 0.007 x 4 或 0.140 安培小时。
H. As applicable (such as when you plate a small inner diameter), you can use a rotary tool to turn the anode. Also (such as when you plate an outer diameter), you can use a lathe or turning head (up to 900 rpm) to turn the part.
在适当的情况下（如电镀内径较小时），可以使用旋转工具转动阳极。此外（如电镀外径时），还可以使用车床或车削头（最高转速可达 900 转/分）来车削零件。
I. The maximum area to be stylus plated at one time is 12 square inches.
一次触针电镀的最大面积为 12 平方英寸。
J. Stylus plating does not require subsequent baking, if the total area stylus plated is not larger than 72 square inches. But if you stylus plate before a bake per SOPM 20-42-02 or SOPM 20-42-01, bake the parts as usual, as specified in those subjects.
如果触针电镀的总面积不超过 72 平方英寸，则不需要进行后续烘烤。但如果在根据 SOPM 20-42-02 或 SOPM 20-42-01 进行烘烤之前进行触针电镀，则应按照这些主题的规定对零件进行常规烘烤。
K. To prevent separation of the solids, do not keep or use stylus plating solutions below 65°F. Keep new solutions in their original containers. Do not put used solution back into the original containers. Discard all used solutions or a solution which touched a part or a stylus plating anode.
为防止固体分离，请勿在低于 65°F 的温度下保存或使用触针电镀溶液。将新溶液保存在原始容器中。不要将用过的溶液放回原来的容器中。报废所有用过的溶液或接触过零件或电镀触针阳极的溶液。
4. ANODE PREPARATION 阳极制备
A. Use an anode which best agrees with the configuration of the part. For small holes, use 0.060- to 0.100-inch inert platinum anodes.
使用最符合零件结构的阳极。对于小孔，使用 0.060 至 0.100 英寸的惰性铂阳极。
B. A different wrapped anode is necessary for each type of solution used. Do not move any wrapped anode from one solution to another.
每种类型的溶液都需要使用不同的包裹阳极。不要将任何包裹阳极从一种溶液移到另一种溶液中。
C. Preparation of straight rod stylus and anode (Figure 1).
准备直杆触针和阳极（图 1）。
(1) Remove oxidation or corrosion products from the metal stylus base with abrasive cloth. Remove loose carbon particles from the carbon anode part of the stylus assembly with abrasive cloth. Assemble the carbon anode to the stylus base, and tighten the stylus chuck for good electrical continuity.
用砂布清除金属触针底座上的氧化或腐蚀产物。用砂布清除触针组件碳阳极零件上松散的碳颗粒。将碳阳极装到触针底座上，拧紧触针卡盘，使其具有良好的电气连续性。
(2) Tear off (do not cut) a thin layer of cotton batting, rectangular in shape approximately equal to the length, and of sufficient length to make three wraps of the anode. If this will be a long task, wrap the anode in filter paper first, before the cotton wrap, to keep carbon particles from the anode out of the solution.
撕下（不要剪断）一层薄薄的棉棒，长方形的棉棒长度约等于阳极的长度，长度足以将阳极包裹三圈。如果这将是一项长期的任务，可先用滤纸用棉布包裹，以防止阳包裹阳极，再极上的碳颗粒进入溶液。
(3) Wet the carbon anode with water and roll cotton around the anode, as shown. Wrap it tightly, without lumps or thin spots. Use gauze tubing as an outside covering sleeve. Rinse the sizing from the gauze tubing in tap water. Then install the gauze tubing with a standard plastic or aluminum finger splint, as shown.
如图所示，用水润湿碳阳极，然后用棉花卷住阳极。包扎要紧，不能有疙瘩或薄点。用纱布管作为外部覆盖套。用自来水冲洗纱布管上的定型剂。然后如图所示，用标准塑料或铝指夹板安装纱布管。
D. Prepare anodes of different shapes with an equivalent procedure, such as shown for the concave stylus in Figure 2.
用等效程序准备不同形状的阳极，如图 2 中所示的凹面触针。
E. Immediately after you use the anodes, remove the gauze and cotton, disassemble the stylus assembly, rinse fully, and dry with a blast of clean, dry air.
使用阳极后，立即取下纱布和棉花，拆卸触针组件，充分冲洗，并用清洁干燥的空气吹干。
5. SURFACE PREPARATION 表面处理
A. Manually solvent clean the area per SOPM 20-30-03 to remove lubricants, dirt or other contamination. Dry the area fully.
按照 SOPM 20-30-03 标准用溶剂手动清洁该区域，以去除润滑剂、灰尘或其他污物。完全擦干该区域。
WARNING :CADMIUM DUST AND FUMES ARE POISONOUS. DO NOT BREATHE THE DUST OR FUMES. DO THE ABRASIVE CLEANING IN A LOCAL EXHAUST BOOTH, OR WEAR APPROVED DUST RESPIRATIONS. WASH YOUR HANDS BEFORE YOU EAT OR SMOKE.
警告 :镉粉尘和烟雾有毒。切勿吸入粉尘或烟雾。在局部排气室进行研磨清洗，或佩戴经批准的防尘呼吸器。进食或吸烟前要洗手。
B. Dry-abrasive clean the area per SOPM 20-30-03, or manually sand the area with aluminum oxide or silicon carbide grit. Make a bare area around the defect, and an area of the plate as shown (Figure 3). This will become an area of overlap between the new stylus plating and the original plating. Do not use power tools on steels heat-treated above 220 ksi.
按照 SOPM 20-30-03 对该区域进行干磨清洁，或使用氧化铝或碳化硅砂粒对该区域进行手工打磨。在缺陷周围做一个裸露区域，电镀区域如图所示（图 3）。这将成为新触针电镀与原电镀的重叠区域。不要在热处理超过 220 ksi 的钢材上使用电动工具。
C. Remove the abrasive dust with a clean cloth wet with solvent.
用沾有溶剂的干净布清除磨屑。
D. Apply masks as necessary to give limits to the area to be plated and to prevent contamination or damage to the adjacent area from plating solutions and rinse water. The masks can be applied before you abrasive clean the area. Be sure to give protection to areas which could catch solutions, such as faying surfaces, recesses and internal surfaces.
必要时戴上口罩，以限制电镀区域，并防止电镀溶液和冲洗水污染或损坏邻近区域。可在对该区域进行研磨清洁之前进行遮蔽。请务必保护可能沾染溶液的区域，例如接合面、凹槽和内表面。
6. STYLUS PLATING 电镀触针
A. Apply the cadmium stylus plating solution to the surface to be plated with a squirt bottle, cotton, cheesecloth, brush, or equivalent.
用喷壶、棉花、奶酪布、刷子或类似工具将镉触针电镀溶液涂抹到待镀表面。
B. As shown in Figure 4, put the anode on the area, start the correct movement, and then energize the current. Do not let the anode stop on the area to be plated while the current is energized.
如图 4 所示，将阳极放在该区域上，开始正确的移动，然后通电。通电时不要让阳极停在电镀区域上。
C. During the stylus plating operation, keep the stylus and anode assembly parallel to the surface, as shown. Use a minimum of pressure to prevent removal of the solution and too much wear on the stylus anode covering.
在触针电镀操作过程中，要保持触针和阳极组件与表面平行，如图所示。使用最小的压力，以防止溶液脱落和触针阳极盖磨损过多。
D. Use a back and forth or circular motion of the anode while plating, as shown. Do not change the direction of the anode while on the area to be plated, because that will burn the area. Change the direction of the anode only when the anode is on the mask and completely clear of the plating area, as shown. Move the anode at a constant rate of speed. Use an anode to cathode speed of 20 to 80 feet per minute (4 to 16 inches per second). Slower speeds can cause burns. For plating the ID or OD of cylindrical parts with a variable speed turning head or anode rotating tool, change the anode to cathode speeds equivalent to rpms. RPM = speed (ft/min) divided by circumference (ft).
如图所示，电镀时阳极要前后或环形运动。在电镀区域时不要改变阳极的方向，因为这样会烧坏电镀区域。如图所示，只有当阳极在掩膜上并完全离开电镀区域时，才可改变阳极的方向。以恒定的速度移动阳极。阳极到阴极的速度为每分钟 20 至 80 英尺（每秒 4 至 16 英寸）。较慢的速度会导致烧伤。使用变速旋转头或阳极旋转工具电镀圆柱形零件的内径或外径时，阳极到阴极的速度相当于 rpm。RPM = 速度（英尺/分钟）除以周长（英尺）。
E. Keep the anode fully wet with plating solution. Apply more solution or change the anode as necessary to supply sufficient solution for satisfactory plating.
保持阳极完全被电镀溶液浸湿。必要时使用更多溶液或更换阳极，以提供足够的溶液进行满意的电镀。
F. Stylus cadmium plate at 20 volts until you can see a layer of plating. Then decrease the voltage to 8-14 volts and continue for the calculated number of ampere-hours.
触针镉电镀电压为 20 伏，直到可以看到一层电镀层。然后将电压降至 8-14 伏，继续进行所计算的安培小时数。
G. Do not mechanically or manually remove material from, polish, or brush the stylus plated areas.
切勿用机械或人工方法去除、抛光或刷洗触针电镀区域的材料。
H. Manually cold water rinse 0.5 to 5 minutes with clean water. Dry with cotton, cloths, or compressed air within 5 minutes.
用清水手动冷水冲洗 0.5 至 5 分钟。5 分钟内用棉花、布或压缩空气干燥。
I. For repair of damaged plating:
修复受损电镀：
(1) Manually apply the chromate conversion coating by the manufacturer’s instructions.
按照制造商的说明手动涂抹铬酸盐转化涂层。
(2) Manually cold water rinse 0.5 to 5 minutes with clean water. To help dry the part, this can be followed by a hot water rinse at 150°F maximum.
用清水手动冷水冲洗 0.5 至 5 分钟。为使零件干燥，可随后用最高温度为 150°F 的热水冲洗。
(3) Dry with cotton, cloths, or compressed air. Be careful, because the chromate coating is very soft.
用棉布、抹布或压缩空气干燥。要小心，因为铬酸盐涂层非常柔软。
J. Examine the quality of the plate.
检查电镀的质量。
K. If applicable, apply primer and enamel to the area.
如果适用，在该区域涂上底漆和瓷漆。
7. QUALITY CONTROL 质量控制
A. The stylus plated layer must be smooth, fine-grained, have a good bond, and have no blisters, pits, modules, burns, or other defects.
触针电镀层必须光滑、颗粒细腻、结合良好，且无砂眼、凹坑、模块、烧伤或其他缺陷。
B. The chromate conversion coating must be tightly bonded and have no powder.
铬酸盐转化涂层必须紧密结合，没有粉末。
C. There must be no sign of separation between stylus plating and the base metal, or between the stylus plating and a plating below it, when given this test:
触针电镀层与基体金属之间，或触针电镀层与其下面的电镀层之间，在进行本试验时，不得有分离迹象：
(1) With strong fingertip pressure, apply pressure sensitive tape to the area.
用指尖用力将压敏胶带贴在该处。
(2) Hold a free end of the tape and pull suddenly in a direction perpendicular to the plated surface.
握住胶带的自由端，朝垂直于电镀表面的方向突然拉动。
(3) Examine the adhesive side of the tape under 10-power magnification. There must be no cadmium plate.
用 10 倍放大镜检查胶带的粘合面。不得有镉电镀层。
D. Clean adhesive from the surface per SOPM 20-30-03.
按照 SOPM 20-30-03 清洁表面的粘合剂。