飞机排雨方法 Aircraft Rain Drainage Method【转】

飞机在雨天飞行时，雨水落在风挡玻璃上会妨碍驾驶员的视线，风挡玻璃内外表面上的冰、霜、雾、雨也会使它的清晰度或能见度降低。因此，需要对风挡玻璃进行防冰除雾处理。小型飞机风挡一般采用打蜡方式，大型高速飞机常用较复杂的排雨系统。飞机的风挡排雨系统通常由雨刷系统、排雨剂系统组成。

When the aircraft flies in rainy days, the rain falling on the windshield glass will hinder the pilot’s vision, and the ice, frost, fog and rain on the inner and outer surfaces of the windshield glass will also reduce its clarity or visibility. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out anti-icing and demisting treatment for windshield glass. The windshield of small aircraft is usually waxed, and the large high-speed aircraft often uses more complex rain drainage system. The windshield and rain drainage system of aircraft usually consists of wiper system and rain drainage agent system.

（1）雨刷系统：风挡雨刷系统是利用由动力操纵的雨刷在风挡外壁表面往复运动刮去风挡上的雨水、薄冰、雪。风挡雨刷系统主要由马达、转换器、雨刷、电阻箱及控制开关组成。马达提供驱动力，雨刷控制开关用于提供雨刷操纵速度的选择和雨刷收放。

Wiper system: The windshield wiper system uses the power-operated wiper to move back and forth on the windshield outer wall surface to remove the rain, thin ice and snow on the windshield. The windshield wiper system is mainly composed of motor, converter, wiper, resistance box and control switch. The motor provides the driving force, and the wiper control switch is used to provide the selection of wiper control speed and wiper retraction and extention.

2）排雨剂系统：当飞机在空中遭遇中到大雨时，雨刷不足以排雨，在许多民航客机上均安装有化学排雨剂系统。该系统能够向风挡喷洒一次或者几次特殊的防雨剂，该防雨剂能够增加水的表面张力，表面张力的增加会消除风挡上的水膜，使水保持在点滴的形态，易于清除。

Rain-removal agent system: When the aircraft encounters moderate to heavy rain in the air, the wiper is not enough to drain rain, and many civil aircraft are equipped with chemical rain-removal agent system. The system can spray a special rain-proof agent once or several times to the windshield. The rain-proof agent can increase the surface tension of the water, and the increase of the surface tension will eliminate the water film on the windshield, so that the water remains in the form of droplets and is easy to remove.

（3）防水涂层：目前，防水涂层几乎在所有的波音飞机上使用，在空客飞机上也有使用。目前，对于小型飞机一般采用聚丙烯塑料做风挡玻璃，材料软，采用给风挡打蜡的方法；对于大型高速飞机，普遍采用风挡刮水刷系统、化学排雨剂系统、永久性防水涂层、气动排雨系统。

Waterproof coating: At present, waterproof coating is used on almost all Boeing aircraft and also on Airbus aircraft. At present, for small aircraft, polypropylene plastic is generally used as windshield glass, the material is soft, and the windshield is waxed; For large high-speed aircraft, windshield wiper system, chemical rain drainage agent system, permanent waterproof coating and pneumatic rain drainage system are widely used.