飞机的防火部位 Fire Protection Parts of Aircraft【转】

飞机的防火部位Fire Protection Parts of Aircraft

飞机上需防火的区域主要包括发动机、APU、货舱、起落架舱、电子设备舱、驾驶舱、客舱及机翼和燃油箱等其它危险区域。飞机常见的防火系统如图1 所示。

The fire prevention areas on the aircraft mainly include engine, APU, cargo cabin, landing gear cabin, electronic equipment cabin, cockpit, passenger cabin, wing, fuel tank and other dangerous areas. The common fire protection system of aircraft is shown in Figure 1.

发动机防火系统由发动机过热/火警探测系统和发动机灭火系统组成。发动机过热/火警探测系统用来探测、指示发动机短舱中的失火。发动机灭火一般采用固定式灭火系统，多数发动机采用自动报警人工灭火方式，也有的发动机采用自动报警自动灭火和自动报警人工灭火方式两组装置。在飞行过程中发动机起火时，报警和灭火系统工作，可以向任一发动机释放一个或两个灭火瓶，如图 2 所示。APU 防火系统由 APU 火警探测器和 APU 灭火系统组成，与发动机类似。

The engine fire protection system consists of engine overheat/fire detection system and engine fire extinguishing system. The engine overheat/fire detection system is used to detect and indicate the fire in the engine nacelle. The fixed fire extinguishing system is generally used for engine fire extinguishing. Most engines use automatic alarm and manual fire extinguishing, and some engines use automatic alarm and fire extinguishing and automatic alarm and manual fire extinguishing. When the engine catches fire during flight, the alarm and fire extinguishing system works and can release one or two fire extinguishers to any engine, as shown in Figure 2. APU fire protection system is composed of APU fire detector and APU fire extinguishing system, similar to engine.

货舱防火系统包括火警探测系统和灭火系统。根据民航相关规定，火警探测系统必须在火情发生 60 秒内向机组成员发出火情告警。烟雾是火灾发生的前兆，因此在飞机的前后货舱内，一般按飞机对称面布置若干个光散射型烟雾探测器。如果发生火情，烟雾探测器测试到的烟雾浓度会超过设定值，系统会向机组人员发出警告。

The cargo fire protection system includes fire detection system and fire extinguishing system. According to the relevant regulations of civil aviation, the fire detection system must send a fire alarm to the crew members within 60 seconds of the fire. Smoke is the precursor of fire, so several light scattering smoke detectors are generally arranged in the front and rear cargo tanks of the aircraft according to the plane symmetry. In case of fire, the smoke concentration measured by the smoke detector will exceed the set value, and the system will send a warning to the crew.