SECTION IV – REPAIR 12-动平衡操作规程与指南

Rebalance the turbine wheel assembly as follows:

按以下步骤对涡轮叶轮组件进行再平衡：

(1) Install turbine wheel assembly in adapter specified in applicable manual.

将涡轮叶轮组件安装至适用手册指定的适配器上。

(2) Place adapter and turbine wheel assembly in a balancing machine.

将适配器与涡轮叶轮组件置于动平衡机中。

(3) Determine class of balancing to be performed. Refer to Method No. 412C.

确定需执行的平衡等级。参照Method No. 412C。

(4) Mark consecutive numbers opposite each vane or inner flat surface of turbine wheel with Flexographic ink C05-0001. Adjust strobe lamp to illuminate numbers.

使用Flexographic油墨C05-0001在每片叶片或涡轮轮毂内平面对面标记连续编号。调整频闪灯以照亮编号。

NOTE: Do not vary rpm of wheel when checking for imbalance. Speed selected must be used for each check.

注：检查不平衡时不得改变轮毂转速。每次检查必须使用选定转速。

(5) Rotate turbine wheel assembly at approximately 600 to 1800 rpm. Use jet or belt drive as specified in applicable manual. Balance must be as specified in applicable manual.

以约600至1800转/分钟转速旋转涡轮叶轮组件。按适用手册规定采用喷射或皮带驱动方式。平衡要求须符合适用手册规定。

(6) If turbine wheel assembly is not in the balance requirements, stop turbine wheel and place clay in opposite numbered areas indicating excessive weight and imbalance. Adjust clay to obtain balance in specified limits.

若涡轮轮组件未达平衡要求，停止转轮并于超重失衡区域的对应编号处填入平衡粘土。调整粘土量直至平衡值符合规定范围。

(7) Remove turbine wheel assembly from balancing machine.

从平衡机上卸下涡轮叶轮组件。

(8) Cover shaft of turbine wheel assembly to protect from metal particles.

覆盖涡轮叶轮组件轴部以防金属颗粒侵入。

(9) Remove metal from surfaces specified in applicable manual, as required, to bring turbine wheel assembly into balances. Unless specified differently in manual, finish affected rework surfaces to 32 microinches (0.8128 micrometers) or better with corner radii no sharper than 0.090 inch (2.29 mm).

根据适用手册要求，从指定表面去除金属以使涡轮叶轮组件达到平衡。除非手册另有规定，需将受影响的修整表面精加工至32微英寸（0.8128微米）或更佳状态，且圆角半径不得小于0.090英寸（2.29毫米）。

(10) Remove clay.

清除粘土。

(11) Reinstall turbine wheel assembly in balancing machine and recheck balance at same rpm used in Step (5). Repeat procedure until turbine wheel assembly is in balance limits.

将涡轮叶轮组件重新装入平衡机，以步骤(5)相同转速复检平衡状态。重复操作直至涡轮叶轮组件达到平衡限值。

(12) Remove turbine wheel assembly from balancing machine.

从平衡机上拆下涡轮叶轮组件。

(13) Spot treat material removal area with appropriate touch-up solution as specified in applicable manual.

根据适用手册规定，使用适宜修补溶液对材料去除区域进行局部处理。

WARNING: SOLVENT VAPORS ARE TOXIC AND FLAMMABLE. DO NOT INHALE VAPORS. OBSERVE FIRE PRECAUTIONS.

警告：溶剂蒸气有毒且易燃。切勿吸入蒸气。遵守防火措施。

(14) Remove industrial marking ink numbers. Use degreasing solvent C04-0025 (Type1).

清除工业标记油墨编号。使用脱脂溶剂C04-0025（1型）。

(15) Remove turbine wheel assembly from adapter.

从适配器上拆卸涡轮叶轮组件。

(16) Tag turbine wheel assembly as a balanced part and place in a protected area until required for re-assembly.

标记涡轮叶轮组件作为已平衡零件，存放于防护区域直至重新组装。

Balance rotor assemblies as follows:

按以下步骤平衡转子组件：

(1) Place rotor assembly in an insert specified in applicable manual.

将转子组件置于适用手册指定的insert中。（insert钢丝螺套？）

(2) Install rotor in a standard balancing machine.

将转子安装至标准平衡机。

(3) Turn rotor assembly at approximately 600 to 1800 rpm and locate imbalance. Use jet or belt drive as specified in applicable manual.

以约600至1800转/分钟转速转动转子组件，定位不平衡点。按适用手册规定使用喷射或皮带驱动装置。

(4) Remove rotor assembly from balancing machine.

从平衡机上卸下转子组件。

(5) Remove material from surface indicated in applicable manual as required to bring rotor assembly into balance in limits specified.

根据适用手册要求，从指定表面去除材料直至转子组件达到规定平衡限值。

(6) Reinstall rotor assembly in balancing machine and recheck balance. Continue balancing procedure until rotor assembly is balanced in limits specified in applicable manual.

将转子组件重新装入平衡机复检平衡状态。持续平衡操作直至符合适用手册规定的平衡限值。

(7) Remove rotor assembly from balancing machine.

从平衡机上取下转子组件。

(8) Spot treat material removal area with appropriate touch-up solution as specified in applicable manual.

参照适用手册规定，使用适当修补溶液对材料去除区域进行局部处理。

(1) Force Balance or Static Force Balance is a single plane balance procedure by which a mass distribution of a rigid rotor is adjusted in order to make sure that the residual static unbalance is within specified limits which needs correction in only one plane. Material is removed or added in equal quantities from the two sides to bring the plane into balance.

力平衡或静力平衡是一种单平面平衡程序，通过调整刚性转子的质量分布，确保残余静不平衡量仅需在单一平面进行修正且符合规定限值。通过在两侧等量去除或添加材料使平面达到平衡。

(2) Dual-Plane Balance is a procedure by which the mass distribution of a rigid rotor is adjusted in order to make sure that the residual unbalance in two arbitrary planes limits are as specified of those planes. Material is removed or added as necessary to bring each plane into balance. The general balancing procedure includes the following:

双平面平衡法通过调整刚性转子的质量分布，确保任意两个平面的残余不平衡量均符合该平面限定值。根据需要去除或添加材料使每个平面达到平衡。通用平衡流程包括：

• Reviewing balance procedure terms. Refer to Step (3)

• 复核平衡流程术语。参见步骤 (3)

• Determining specifications of the balancing machine that will be used. Refer to Step (4)

• 确定所用平衡机的规格参数。参见步骤(4)

• Determining the Class of balancing to be performed. Refer to Step (5)

• 确定需执行的平衡等级。参见步骤(5)

• Performing the actual balancing procedure. Refer to Step (6)

• 执行实际平衡操作。参见步骤(6)

(3) Refer to Table 405 to familiarize yourself with balancing procedure terms.

参阅表405熟悉平衡程序术语。

(4) Refer to Table 406 to identify the specifications of recommended balancing machines.

参照表406确认推荐平衡机的规格参数。

(5) Determine the Class of balancing to be performed.

确定需执行的平衡等级。

(a) Class A is balancing of parts supported on their own journals or surfaces during the balancing procedure. Correction is accomplished utilizing dial angel and quantity readings after single spin(s) in each plane.

A级平衡：零件在平衡过程中通过自身轴颈或表面支撑。通过单次各向旋转后的指针角度与量值读数完成修正。

(b) Class B is balancing of parts supported on an arbor designed to provide journals or surfaces for the balancing procedure. Preliminary gimmick (balance) of tooling is not required. Correction must be accomplished use Vector Calculation or equivalent, assuring part compliance over tooling.

B级平衡：零件通过设计用于平衡工序的轴颈或表面支撑的转轴进行平衡。无需对工装进行预平衡校准。修正必须采用矢量计算法或等效方法完成，确保零件在工装上符合要求。

(6) Perform the balancing procedure.

执行平衡操作。

(a) Thoroughly clean part to be balanced (Refer to SECTION II). Lubricate locating surfaces of part use Lubricant Oil C02-0008.

彻底清洁待平衡零件（参见第二部分）。使用润滑油C02-0008润滑零件定位面。

(b) If part journal is not used, install required adapter or tool as specified in applicable manual for unit in work.

若不使用零件轴颈，按适用设备手册要求安装适配器或工具。

(c) Set up balancing machine in accordance with manufacturer instructions.

依据制造商说明设置平衡机。

(d) Record setup data as required use instructions of balancing machine manufacturer. Conversion number (ounce/inches) must be corrected if required. Use the following equation.

按平衡机制造商说明记录设置数据。如需转换单位（盎司/英寸），须修正换算系数，使用下列公式：

(e) Install part to be balanced in balancing machine in accordance with manufacturer instructions.

依据制造商说明将待平衡零件安装至平衡机。

NOTE: The following steps must be accomplished when using Vector Calculation (Polar graph plotting or theory of 180 degrees turn).

注：采用矢量计算法（极坐标图绘制或180度转动理论）时，必须完成以下步骤：

(f) Spin part and record angle and quantity of reading.

旋转零件并记录角度及读数值。

(g) Stop rotation of part, rotate arbor on part 180 degrees.

停止零件旋转，将主轴在零件上旋转180度。

(h) Spin part and record angle and quantity reading for second position.

旋转零件并记录第二位置的角度及读数值。

(i) Record limits of balance as specified in applicable manual for unit in work.

记录适用手册规定的工作中部件平衡限值。

(j) Select suitable scale quantity and identify radical lines on polar graph paper. The scale selected must be as large as possible and in the quantity of readings recorded. Figure 413 reflects a typical Vector Calculation for Plane L or Plane M. Calculate for one plane at a time.

选择合适的刻度量值并在极坐标纸上标定基线。所选刻度须尽可能大且符合记录读数量值。图413展示了平面L或平面M的典型矢量计算法。每次仅计算单一平面。

Table 405. Balancing Terms and Explanations

表405. 动平衡术语及释义

Amplitude Measuring ：Measurement of the maximum or peak value of the sine wave of voltage produced by the pickups. This maximum value represents the quantity of unbalance in the work-piece.

振幅测量：测量传感器产生的电压正弦波最大值（峰值）。该最大值代表工件的失衡量。

Balancing Tolerance ：The maximum quantity of unbalance usually expressed in ounce/inches that can remain in a part without affecting its performance in operation.

动平衡公差：零件在不影响运行性能前提下允许残留的最大失衡量，通常以盎司/英寸为单位表示。

Clay-In ：The process of balancing where no material is removed and balance is achieved by adding modeling clay to the part or arbor.

粘土平衡法：无需切削材料的平衡工艺，通过在零件或心轴上添加塑形黏土实现平衡。

Couple Unbalance ：Unbalance caused by two equal unbalances, opposite in direction and located in two separate traverse planes perpendicular to journal centerline, which cause the principle inertia axis to want to be at an angle to the journal centerline. Units are Weight X Radius X Distance (ounce inch 2). Produces motion of gyration.

耦合不平衡：由两个等量、方向相反且位于轴心线垂直的独立横向平面内不平衡量引发，导致主惯性轴与轴心线形成夹角。单位为重量×半径×距离（盎司·英寸²）。产生回转运动。

Cradle ：A rigid, usually lightweight, support member used to join work supports to allow balancing of parts whose mass, weight distribution, geometry, or bearings interferes with the self aligning feature of the work support.

摇篮：用于连接工件支撑的刚性轻质支撑件，适用于因质量分布、几何结构或轴承特性影响工件支撑自对准功能的零件。

Critical Speed ：The speed at which a rotating body vibrates excessively. Usually the critical speed is the same as the natural frequency of the rotating assembly.

临界转速：旋转体发生剧烈振动的转速。通常临界转速等同于旋转组件的固有频率。

Cross Effect ：The change of unbalance in one plane brought about by alternating the unbalance state of the other plane.

交叉效应：改变一平面失衡状态时，导致另一平面失衡变化的现象。

Damping ：A viscous or frictional-resistance hysteresis force used to reduce the amplitude of vibration.

阻尼：利用粘性或摩擦阻力滞后力降低振动幅值的装置。

Equation ：A shortcut way of expressing a scientific law of relationship by using letters to represent the words.

方程式：用字母替代文字表达科学规律关系的简化形式。

Force Unbalance ：Unbalance that can be detected when the part is placed on level knife edges, and will cause the journal centerline to be displaced a distance from, but parallel to, the principle inertia axis. Units are Weight X Radius (ounce X inches).

力不平衡：零件置于水平刀刃上可检测到的不平衡状态，会导致轴颈中心线偏离主惯性轴方向但保持平行。单位为重量×半径（盎司×英寸）。

Gimmick ：Electrically or mechanically applied corrections to an arbor or piece of tooling such that the unbalance affects caused by the tooling are reduced.

矫正装置：通过电控或机械方式对心轴或工装进行修正，以降低工装引起的不平衡影响。

Hard Support ：Balancing machine with stiff work supports. Parts rotate about its journal centerline and the centrifugal force caused by the unbalance, deflect the supports. Natural frequency of the supports is approximately ten times that of the machine operating speed. Setup accomplished by dialing in part dimensions. Calibration is fixed.

刚性支撑：配备刚性零件支撑的平衡机。零件围绕轴颈中心线旋转，不平衡产生的离心力使支撑发生挠变。支撑的固有频率约为设备运行转速的十倍。通过输入零件尺寸完成设置，校准值固定不变。

Hold Meter ：Angle or quantity meter that retains its reading after each read cycle.

保持计：每次读数周期后仍能保留读数值的角度计或计量计。

Incremental Balancing ：The balancing of an assumed non-rigid rotor by re-balancing the assembly after each stage of the assembly is added and making the correction in the last assembled stage.

增量式平衡：假设转子非刚性，通过逐级组装后重新平衡，并在最终组装阶段进行修正的平衡方法。

Journal Centerline (Rotational Axis) :The rotational centerline of a rotor as determined by its bearing

轴心线（旋转轴）：由轴承确定的转子旋转中心线。

Linear :A relationship between two variables such that the output is directly proportional to the input.

线性关系：两个变量间输出与输入成正比的关系。

Mass Centering :A balancing process where the principle inertia axis of a part is located and marked.

质量中心定位：通过定位并标记零件的主惯性轴进行的平衡过程。

Natural Frequency :The frequency at which a body will vibrate upon excitation from an outside force.

固有频率：物体在外部力作用下开始振动的频率。

Off Angle Correction :A correction made for an unbalance condition at an angle other than the angle of unbalance.

偏角修正：针对非失衡角度的失衡状态所做的修正。

Linear :A relationship between two variables such that the output is directly proportional to the input.

线性关系：两个变量之间存在输出与输入成正比的关系。

Mass Centering :A balancing process where the principle inertia axis of a part is located and marked.

质量中心定位：通过定位并标记零件的主惯性轴来实现的平衡过程。

Natural Frequency :The frequency at which a body will vibrate upon excitation from an outside force.

固有频率：物体在受到外力激励时开始振动的频率。

Off Angle Correction:A correction made for an unbalance condition at an angle other than the angle of unbalance.

偏心角修正：针对非偏心角失衡状态进行的修正。

Peak :The maximum on scale reading of the quantity meter that can be obtained when tuning the filters of a tuned amplifier measuring system. (“S” measuring)

峰值：调谐放大器测量系统调谐滤波器时，量程表可显示的最大读数（“S”量程）。

Sensitivity :The smallest quantity of displacement the balancing machine can detect and display accurately on the quantity meter.

灵敏度：平衡机量程表能准确检测并显示的最小位移量。

Set Up :A sequence of adjustments and operations (Programming) On a balancing machine in order to accurately read the angle of unbalance and quantity of correction necessary in units usable to the operator.

设置：在平衡机上进行的一系列调整和操作（编程），旨在精确读取不平衡角及所需修正量，并转换为操作员可用的单位。

Single Pass Correction :The ability of the balance measuring system to read the unbalance and the correction system to apply the proper sized correction on angle and in plane such to reduce the quantity of unbalance with a single correction effort.

单次修正能力：指平衡测量系统读取不平衡量，配合修正系统精确实施角度与平面修正，通过单次修正即可有效降低不平衡量的能力。

Soft Support :Balancing machine with flexible work supports. Part rotates about its principle inertia axis (as it would in free space) and the journal movement deflects the work supports. Natural frequency of the supports is one-fifth of the lowest operating speed of the machine.

柔性支撑：配备弹性工件支撑的平衡机。零件围绕其主惯性轴旋转（如同在自由空间中），轴颈运动导致工件支撑产生偏转。支撑件固有频率为设备最低运行转速的五分之一。

Theory of 180 degree :A method of calculating the unbalance turn caused by rotating the tooling of a balanced assembly radially 180 degrees relative to the work-piece. The resulting quantity is equal to exactly twice the unbalanced caused by tooling.

180度理论：计算平衡装配体工装相对于工件径向旋转180度所产生失衡转动量的方法。所得数值恰为工装失衡量的两倍。

Tooling :The additional apparatus that is used to attach and support the work-piece in the balance work supports or to the spindle. Tooling is what stays on the balance.

装夹装置：用于将工件固定在平衡工作支承或主轴上的附加装置。装夹装置是固定在平衡机上的部件。

Translation :Motion in which at any instant every point on the journal centerline is moving in the same direction and at the same velocity as every other point.

平移运动：指轴心线上的所有点在任意时刻均以相同方向和速度运动的状态。

Unbalance :The condition that exists in a part when its principle inertia axis and journal centerline are not coincident. Usually measured in ounce/inches.

不平衡：零件主惯性轴与轴心线不重合的状态。通常以盎司/英寸为单位测量。

Vector :A line with an arrowhead used to represent magnitude and angle of an unbalance or force.

矢量：带箭头的线条，用于表示不平衡力或外力的大小与方向。

Whip or Whirl :Bending or bowing of the journal centerline of a non-rigid rotating body initiated by the centrifugal force generated by unbalance.

甩摆或旋摆：非刚性旋转体因不平衡产生的离心力引发轴心线弯曲或弯折的现象。

(k) Make a plot of the first reading (quantity and angle) and identify it as point No. 1. Refer to Figure 413).

绘制首次读数（数量与角度）的图示，标记为第1号点。参见图413。

(l) Make a plot the second reading (quantity and angle) and identify as Point No. 2.

绘制第二次读数（数量与角度）的图示，标记为第2号点。

(m) Make a line between Point No. 1 and 2. Divide the line into two equal lengths and identify center of line as Point X.

连接第1号点与第2号点。将连线均分为两段，标记线段中点为X点。

(n) Measure distance between Point No. 2 and Point X. Convert to scale selected. Quantity measured is the total unbalance of part.

测量点2与点X间的距离，转换为选定比例尺。所得量值即为零件总不平衡量。

NOTE: Lead tape or clay may be used to gimmick (balance) arbor or tool. Add lead tape or clay 180 degrees from angle of Point X.

注：可使用铅带或黏土对轴心或工具进行平衡校正。在点X角度的180度位置添加铅带或黏土。

(o) Measure distance between zero quantity (center of polar chart) and Point X. Convert to scale selected. Quantity measured is the total unbalance in the arbor or tool.

测量零量值（极坐标图中心）与X点间的距离。按选定比例转换后，所得数值即为心轴或工具的总不平衡量。

(p) Use a compass, make a tolerance circle with its center at Point X. The radius of this circle must be the scale-equal of the balance limit specified in applicable manual for unit in work.

用圆规以X点为心绘制公差圆。该圆半径须等于适用手册中规定的工作部件平衡限值的等比例量。

(q) Make a line from center of polar chart, parallel to the line of Point No. 1 to Point No. 2, and in the direction of Point No. 2. Note angle of this line. Stock removal must be accomplished at this angle. If addition of stock is required add 180 degrees to angle.

从极坐标图中心点出发，沿第1号点至第2号点连线方向平行延伸一条线。记录该线与第2号点连线的夹角。切削材料必须按此夹角进行。若需增量，则将该夹角加180度。

(r) Locate correction angle accurately on part. Remove part from balancing machine.

在零件上精确定位修正角度。将零件从动平衡机上取下。

CAUTION: REMOVE STOCK ONLY FROM AREAS OF PART AS SPECIFIED IN APPLICABLE MANUAL FOR PART IN WORK.

注意：仅在零件适用手册指定区域进行金属去除。

(s) Cover arbor or tool attached to part to protect from metal particles, and remove or add stock at Plane L correction angle (Figure 413). Minimize stock removal or addition by concentrating at correction angle.

零件上安装防护罩或工具以防金属颗粒污染，按平面L修正角（图413）进行金属去除或添加。通过集中修正角操作，最大限度减少金属去除或添加。

(t) Thoroughly remove metal particles and reinstall part in balancing machine.

彻底清除金属碎屑，将零件重新装入平衡机。

(u) Spin part and record corrected angle and quantity. Make a plot of corrected reading (quantity and angle) and identify as Point No. 3.

旋转零件并记录修正后的角度与量值。绘制修正读数（量值与角度）曲线图，标记为第3点。

(v) If Point No. 3 falls within tolerance circle, the part is balanced in limits. The distance between Point X and Point No. 3 is the remaining unbalance in the part.

若第3点位于公差圆内，则零件处于平衡范围内。点X与第3点间的距离即为零件残余不平衡量。

(w) If Point No. 3 falls outside of tolerance circle draw a line from center of polar chart parallel to the line of Point X to Point No. 3 and in the direction of Point No. 3. Second balancing attempt must be made at this correction angel.

若第3点超出公差圆，则从极坐标图中心沿点X至第3点的方向平行绘制一条线至第3点。必须在此修正角度进行第二次平衡校正。

(x) Repeat Steps (q) through (u) as required until part is balanced. Remove part from balancing machine.

重复步骤(q)至(u)直至零件平衡。将零件从平衡机上取下。

(y) Plane M can be plotted on same chart as depicted in Figure 413.

平面M可参照图413绘制于同一图表上。