INSPECTION 检查 三 Inspection Procedures

NOTE: The CMM or SB takes precedence. Otherwise, refer to ASTM E1742 for the radiographic inspection procedure to inspect parts or materials. When and X-ray is required, keep the film for at least 5 years.

注：CMM或SB规范优先适用。否则参照ASTM E1742标准执行零件或材料的射线检测程序。当需使用X射线时，底片须保存至少5年。

(1) General Data

基本要求

(a) Inspection personnel must meet the certification requirements of Military Specification MIL-STD-410. At least one person must be certified to a level III in the Radiographic test method.

检验人员须符合军用规范MIL-STD-410的认证要求。至少一名人员须持有射线检测方法三级认证。

(b) Radiographic examination of parts or material must be done in accordance with a written procedure as outlined in ASTM E1742. The procedure must include the specific information concerning the facility equipment, materials and process to be used in conjunction with a technique card which contains this same specific information necessary to inspect that part. All procedures and technique cards must be signed and approved by the facility level III certified in the radiographic test method.

零件或材料的射线检测须遵循ASTM E1742规定的书面程序。该程序须包含检测设施设备、材料及工艺的具体信息，并配合载有同等必要检测信息的检测技术卡。所有程序及技术卡均须经设施内射线检测方法三级认证人员签字批准。

(c) The radiographic test technique card must contain all the necessary details used for radiographic inspection for each part. The technique card with the representative radiographs of an actual part or a representative sample of a part must be submitted to Hamilton Sundstrand (HS) Nondestructive Test (NDT)/Quality Engineering for approval before acceptance of hardware. The location and orientation of the parts on the radiographs submitted should define and represent the central and outer most position in the cone of radiation that the parts will be located.

射线检测技术卡须包含各零件检测所需的全部必要细节。技术卡须附有实际零件或代表性样本的代表性射线照片，并在硬件验收前提交给HS（HS）无损检测（NDT）/质量工程部门审批。提交的射线照片中零件的位置与方向应明确并代表零件实际安装时在辐射锥体内的中心位置及最外缘位置。

The technique card must contain at least the following:

技术卡至少应包含以下内容：

1 The company name doing the radiographic inspection.

执行射线检测的公司名称。

2 The revision of the radiographic inspection technique.

射线检测技术修订版本号。

3 Part number.

件号

4 Part name.

件名

5 Engineering drawing revision.

工程图纸修订版本号。

6 Material type and specification identification.

材料类型及规格标识。

7 Radiographic test specification.

射线检测规范。

8 Inspection class and grade acceptance criteria.

检验等级与合格标准。

9 Sensitivity level requirements.

灵敏度要求。

10 Density requirements.

密度要求。

11 X-ray machine identification (machine type, brand, focal spot size, max.KVP/MA output and x-ray tube screens or filters).

X射线机参数（机型、品牌、焦斑尺寸、最大KVP/MA输出及X射线屏或气滤片）。

12 Film processor identification (type, brand and temperature.).

显影机标识（型号、品牌及温度）。

13 X-ray film brand used for the technique.

该技术所用X射线胶片品牌。

14 Penetrameter and block material type.

穿透计及基准块材料类型。

15 Printed identification of the individual who prepared the technique and the approved facility radiographic level III along with the date the technique was developed. Also the signature and date of the approved facility radiographic level III.

技术制定者及经批准的三级射线照相机构的印刷标识，含技术制定日期。另需经批准的三级射线照相机构签名及日期。

16 Each exposure view must identify the following. This information is listed on the technique card.

每张曝光视图必须标识以下信息（技术卡上列明）：

• View number.

视图编号

• Actual thickness of the penetrameter block or material used to support the penetrameters for the individual exposure.

该次曝光所用穿透仪块或支撑材料的实际厚度

• Identification of the penetrameters used for the exposure.

该次曝光所用穿透仪的型号

• KVP, MA and Time used for the individual exposure.

该次曝光使用的KVP、MA及曝光时间

• Source to film and object to film distance.

源到胶片与物体到胶片的距离

• Tube to film and part to film angle.

管到胶片与零件到胶片的夹角

• Front and back lead screen thicknesses used for the exposure

曝光所用前后铅屏厚度

• Film speeds used for the exposure. When multiple film techniques are employed, list the speeds in the order from front to back they appear in the cassette during the exposure.

曝光所用胶片感光度。采用多层胶片技术时，按曝光过程中胶片盒内从前至后的排列顺序列出感光度。

• Identify the maximum quantity of parts located on the film during the exposure.

标注曝光胶片上零件的最大数量。

• Provide photographs or a sketch defining the positions and locations of the part and penetrameters on the film in relation to the film and to the tube used for each view.

提供照片或示意图，标明各视图中零件与穿透计在胶片上的位置及与胶片、X射线管的相对关系。

(d) Unless otherwise specified in the CMM, each exposure must meet the 2-2T quality level as defined in ASTM E94.

除非CMM另有规定，每次曝光均须达到ASTM E94标准定义的2-2T质量等级。

(e) All parts and radiographs must be marked so as to be mutually identifiable.

所有零件及射线照片必须标记以确保相互可识别。

(f) Film density on both the penetrameter and in the area of interest for that exposure must be between 1.5 and 4.0 H&D for castings and those situations not requiring penetrameters. All other parts, processes, material types and situations must have a film density on the penetrameter and area of interest of 2.0 to 4.0 H&D. The film density (regardless of the part type or material process) in the area-of-interest must not vary more than +30% or -15% from that of its respective penetrameter.

对于铸件及无需穿透计的情况，穿透计区域与曝光关注区域的胶片密度均须在1.5至4.0 H&D之间。其余所有零件、工艺、材料类型及情况，其透射仪区域与关键区域的胶片密度均须在2.0至4.0 H&D之间。关键区域胶片密度（无论零件类型或材料工艺）与对应透射仪区域的偏差不得超过+30%或-15%。

(g) Multiple Film Exposure Techniques – Multiple film exposures made using two or more films of the same or different speeds in the same film holder is permitted. However, multiple film viewing is not allowed. Each film must be viewed independently and must have the penetrameter density/sensitivity and area-of-interest coverage and density within the requirements of this specification.

多片胶片曝光技术 – 允许在同一胶片夹中使用两片或更多相同或不同感光度的胶片进行多重曝光。但禁止多重胶片同时观察。每片胶片必须单独观察，其探伤仪密度/灵敏度、感兴趣区域覆盖范围及密度均须符合本规范要求。

(h) Equipment Calibration Requirements – Penetrameters, wedges and material blocks must be individually identified as to their material type and serialized for traceability. Alloy or material type identity may be verified by one of the following methods:

设备校准要求 – 穿透仪、楔块及材料块须单独标识材质类型并序列化以确保可追溯性。合金或材质类型可通过以下任一方法验证：

• Spectrographic analysis.

光谱分析法

• Radiographic comparison on a spectrographically analyzed item with one of equal thickness.

将光谱分析后的样品与等厚样品进行射线照相比对

• The penetrameters, wedges and blocks must also be dimensionally verified at least annually with the exception of the following:

除下列情况外，测厚仪、楔块及基准块须至少每年进行一次尺寸验证：

• If the penetrameters are completely covered with a sealed coating of a type that can easily be visually identified, then the coated penetrameters must be initially dimensionally verified and must be checked at least annually for damage and wear. If damage or wear is evident or the coating is removed in any way, the penetrameter must undergo a complete dimensional verification.

若测厚仪表面覆盖可直观识别的密封涂层，则涂层测厚仪须进行初始尺寸验证，并至少每年检查涂层损伤与磨损情况。若出现明显损伤、磨损或涂层剥落，则须进行完整尺寸验证。

• All other equipment calibrations and verifications for the x-ray machine, densitometer, densitometer film strip and film viewer must be check in accordance with and meet the requirements of ASTM E1742.

其余所有设备校准与验证（包括X射线机、密度计、密度计胶片条及胶片观片器）均须符合ASTM E1742标准要求。

(i) Unless otherwise specified, all radiographs used for acceptance of hardware must be retained for a period not less than 6 years from the date the radiographs were made.

除非另有规定，所有用于硬件验收的射线照片须自拍摄之日起保存至少6年。

(2) Safety

安全

(a) While most X-ray equipment is designed to minimize the danger of exposure harmful to personnel, it is essential that adequate measures be taken to protect persons who work with or are near x-ray equipment. These measures may include warning signs, labels, and signals, interlocked enclosures, shielding, the use of survey meters, and monitoring devices such as dosimeters and film badges.

尽管多数X射线设备设计旨在最大限度降低人员受有害辐射的风险，仍必须采取充分措施保护操作或靠近X射线设备的人员。这些措施可包括警示标志、标签及信号、联锁防护罩、屏蔽装置、监测仪的使用，以及剂量计和胶片剂量计等监测设备。

(b) Facilities should comply with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z 54.1 safety standard for non-medical X-ray and sealed gamma-ray sources, also designated National Bureau of Standards handbook 93, Part I (U.S. Department of Commerce). This booklet is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. It may also be ordered from the American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, N.Y. 10018.

设施应符合美国国家标准协会(ANSI) Z 54.1非医疗X射线及密封伽马射线源安全标准，亦称《国家标准局手册93第一部分》(美国商务部)。该手册可向华盛顿特区20402号美国政府印刷局文件主管处购买。亦可向美国国家标准学会订购，地址：纽约州纽约市百老汇1430号，邮编10018。

(c) Rules and regulations pertaining to personnel exposure are contained in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards as published in the Federal Register CFR, Title 29, Chapter XVII, paragraph 1910.96. This publication may also be ordered from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, or from any regional office of the U.S. Department of Labor.

人员辐射防护相关规则与条例载于《联邦法规汇编》第29卷第十七章第1910.96条公布的职业安全与健康管理局（OSHA）标准。本出版物亦可向美国政府印刷局文献管理处（华盛顿特区20402）或美国劳工部任何地区办事处订购。

(d) Compliance must also be observed with all state and/or local public health regulations.

还必须遵守所有州和/或地方公共卫生法规。

(1) Any facility chosen to do ultrasonic inspections must be approved by Hamilton Sundstrand.

执行超声波检测的机构须经HS公司批准。

NOTE: The CMM or SB takes precedence. Otherwise, refer to MIL-STD-2154 for Ultrasonic Inspection procedures. 注：以CMM或SB为准。若无相关规定，则参照MIL-STD-2154执行超声波检测程序。

(1) Refer to the CMM.

参照CMM执行。

NOTE: This procedure gives you steps to etch a machined part before you penetrant-inspect the part.

注：本程序规定了在对零件进行渗透检测前进行蚀刻的步骤。

NOTE: Do not etch a part for inspection unless directed to by the CMM. If the CMM orders etching, follow the procedure given there. Refer to the Consumables, Table 508 for etching and desmutting materials.

注：除非CMM指示，否则不得为检测而蚀刻零件。若CMM要求蚀刻，则遵循其中规定的程序。蚀刻及除污材料参见消耗品表508。

(1) General Data

基本数据

(a) Use contact bluing to find incorrect tapers, high spots on surface or similar surface defects.

使用接触式发蓝工艺检测错误锥度、表面凸点及其他类似表面缺陷。

(2) Procedure

操作步骤

(a) Use Dykem Hi-Spot No. 107 as the bluing paste.

发蓝膏选用Dykem Hi-Spot No. 107型号。

(b) Do not mix the bluing paste with water, Vaseline or any other material.

发蓝膏不得与水、凡士林或其他物质混合。

(c) Put some of the bluing paste at regular intervals over the surface of the bluing master.

将蓝化膏以等间距点涂于蓝化基准件表面。

(d) Spread bluing paste in a complete and very thin layer over the surface of the bluing master.

将蓝化膏均匀涂布于蓝化基准件表面，形成完整且极薄的涂层。

(e) Put a blued master in contact with the applicable part surface.

将发蓝基准件与待检零件表面紧密接触。